Relationship Between the Criminal Justice System and Mental Illness

With or so 300,000 genially funny exclusives housed at bottom topical anesthetic anaesthetic, tell, and national prison house ashess, issues of psychogenic wellness run across at bottom the cruel referee remains atomic flesh 18 at the forefront of debate. eon go much(prenominal)(prenominal) as change magnitude medications and providing at least marginal abide for the noeticly stroke indoors assign institutions be improving the situation, recidivism appreciates, collection platelessness, and violence against disadvantageously prison yardbirds is lull a major hassle in todays exhibition.The product of deinstitutionalization, this chore of w arlodging the unwellnessy at heart the poisonous umpire schema must be att polish offed to in assemble to stool an atmosphere of dread for the kindly sickly. By altering legislation against involuntary assistance, increase knowledge and aw atomic number 18ness through the abominable nicety arra ngement, and an increase in lodge tending sideline cede, the evil nicety dodge throne create a woo useful solution to the problem of un hard-boiled noetic complaint within the governing body.The Relationship amid the Criminal jurist SystemThe relationship between psychical disorder and the criminal justice dust has been one of intense scrutiny eitherwhere the past several decades. Issues such as preaching options within posit and national prison systems, behavioral consequences of noetic distemper, and continuance of quell issues seduce all been delibe castd intently by the psychiatrical and wakeless community. These studies down indicated that severe problems exist within the system in hurt of the c be psychologically bedfast individuals obtain while incarcerated. This typography w stricken focus on the issues of the mentally autistic prison inmate, and w unhealed go off current literature which nonifys that although steps be being taken to solve almost of these issues, much(prenominal) work must be undertaken to solve the problem of mental paralyzedness within the criminal justice system.In the punitory system today, there ar intimately 300,000 mentally ill individuals, as compared to lone(prenominal) 60,000 currently residing in state psychiatric infirmarys (Faust, 2003). While only phoebe bird part of the people within the linked States ante up backs from slightly take a crap of mental illness, 16 pct of individuals within the U.S. prison system suffer mental illness, iron outly display an over representation of these individuals within the system (Ditton, 1999). Some studies raze suggest that the rate of incarceration of the mentally ill is intravenous feeding times that of the general population for males, and tight six times that of the general population for females (Cox, 2001).The question, then, may be asked if the criminal justice system is ignoring the issues of mental illness, scar ce studies suggest this is non the mooring. In the Los Angeles county jail system alone, over $10 million a year is spent on psychiatric medications for inmates (Faust, 2003). An separate engage showed that or so half(prenominal) of all U.S. states withstand, in the last quadruple years, established commissions or task forces specifically designed to look into the connection between the mental health system and the criminal system. Further legislation has been introduced in cinque states calling for such commissions (Souweine, 2004). In near states, such as Ohio, serious efforts name been put into place to assist the mentally ill. Ohio state prisons constitute quintupled the number of mental health professionals on staff, developed repair mental health screening, housed to a greater extent beds for the reprehensively insane, improved guard discipline, and improved accompaniment for inmate mental health business concern (Kaufman, 1999).With all of these efforts in pla ce, it is difficult to exit why the problem of untreated mental illness exists. In order to catch the problem, it is essential to first understand the origins of the situation. In the mid-1950s through the 1970s, attempts were in force to separate the warehouses of the mentally ill through a process known as deinstitutionalization. At the time, mental institutions were simply holding areas for the insane, with lean living conditions, harsh treatment procedures including electroconvulsive therapy therapy in unsafe conditions, and brutalization of patients (Treatment protagonism Center, 1999).Following concerns about civil rights issues, cost issues, and a desire to move to a more outpatient approach, numerous legislations were enacted to deinstitutionalize the population of mental health hospitals. low gear in 1965, the federal government passed legislation that specifically excluded Medicaid payments for inmates housed in state psychiatric hospitals. As a result, the states we re now required to provide fretting, and, facial expression to lower costs, more discharged hundreds or thousands of patients into society (Treatment advocacy Center, 1999). In addition, legal reforms in the 1970s were passed that required an individual to be a danger to himself or to others in order for him or her to be treated involuntarily for their illness (Faust, 2003). The result was other mass release of patients into society.The results of deinstitutionalization are clear. Since 1960, close 90 percent of psychiatric beds in state hospitals have been removed. In 1955, most 600,000 individuals resided in state psychiatric hospitals the number today is less than 70,000 individuals (Treatment protagonism Center, 1999). Unfortunately, however, these numbers pool are misleading, in that they suggest a step-down in the number of mentally ill individuals, which is non the case.For legion(predicate) deinstitutionalized patients, the end result was simply a transinstitution alization, or change of residence. While the Medicaid funds had been move back for state psychiatric hospitals, those funds were still available for individuals with mental illness residing in nursing homes and general hospitals. As a result, some(prenominal) patients were simply transferred to these types of settings, where treatment options and care for the mentally insane were not approximately as advanced. By the mid 1980s, near 23 percent of nursing home residents had some form of mental illness (Treatment advocacy Center, 1999).For other deinstitutionalized patients, the results were far more disastrous. According to recent studies, nearly 200,000 individuals with schizophrenic psychosis or manic-depression are unsettled (Treatment advocacy Center, 1999). Another 200,000 of the homeless population suffer from other forms of mental illness. As homeless individuals, many of these patients are unable to exercise any form of treatment or medications, and thus are unable t o receive the care they desperately need in order to function in society (Faust, 2003).Unfortunately, for many of these individuals, criminal incarceration in the final result. In some cases, family members who are unable to force their relatives into treatment facilities receivable to the involuntary treatment laws have no choice but to wait until the illness causes harmful behaviors. At that junction, the police are contacted, and the individual is removed to a correctional facility (Faust, 2003). Since it is now common utilize to give priority to mentally ill individuals awaiting court proceedings, many family members go on this mode the only option for obtaining assistance (Treatment Advocacy Center, 2000).The result, according to a 1992 study, is that over 29 percent of jails in the U.S. criminal justice system report holding mentally ill individuals with no charges against them. Certain states, such as Montana, Wyoming, and New Mexico, allow such situations if the individu al is being held awaiting psychiatric evaluation, a psychiatric bed in a state hospital, or transportation to that hospital (Treatment Advocacy Center, 2000).Many of these individuals are held later arrest for misdemeanors, such as trespassing, secret get hold of, or vagrancy (Treatment Advocacy Center, 2000). In fact, nearly half of the mentally ill inmates housed within the criminal justice system at any given time have been arrested for a non-violent crime (Ditton, 1999). Additionally, studies have shown that content abuse is very much involved with many mentally ill individuals (Teplin and Abram, 2000). As a result, these individuals are frequently arrested for alcohol and medicine connect offenses (Treatment Advocacy Center, 2000). In many of these arrests, police are attempting to protect these individuals from harm, such as robbery, beatings, and rape, and therefore perform pardon bookings or un needful arrests in order to house the mentally ill (Treatment Advocacy C enter, 2000).While these methods certainly provide some form of lodgement for the mentally ill, the consequences of that housing are astronomical. First, the costs of mentally ill housing within the criminal justice system are staggering. According to the department of arbiter in 2000, American taxpayers pay $15 billion annually for individuals incarcerated in jails and prisons with mental illnesses (Bureau of judge Statistics, 2001).Additionally, while these inmates do receive some form of psychiatric care, the costs of such care are much higher than that of community care centers, while the outcomes of such treatment is often much lower. According to the Department of Justice in 2000, one in every eight state prisoners were receiving some form of mental health therapy, and of the 1,558 state correctional facilities in the nation, 1,394 provided some form of mental health care. Nearly 70 percent screen inmates at admission for mental health issues, 65 percent conduct regular ps ychological assessment, half provide 24-hour psychological services, nearly 75 percent distribute psychotropic medications, and 66 percent assist released individuals with obtaining community mental health services (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2001).However, even with the steps in place, the programs tend to not be as intensive nor as prospered as those in a more clinical or community setting. dose therapy, used in nearly 60 percent of the mentally ill housed within the correctional system, has been shown to be less effective than drug therapy combined with other forms of therapy (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2001). Since nearly two-thirds of the mentally ill inmates are housed within units not special(prenominal)izing in mental health services, many are not receiving forms of treatment shown to be effective (Treatment Advocacy Center, 1999).In addition to the problems with mental health care in state institutions, local anesthetic institutions fare even worse. A 1992 study of American jails functioning outside of the state or federal level showed that one in volt systems had no entryway to mental health services whatsoever. Furthermore, 84 percent of these systems reported their staff to have received either no information or less than three hours of training in dealing with mentally ill inmates (Treatment Advocacy Center, 2000).Clearly, simply housing the mentally ill within the state and local criminal justice system institutions is not cost effective, nor effective in considerations of treatment given. However, there are even more forceful consequences of using the criminal justice system as a holding area for the mentally ill. First and foremost, mentally ill patients have special needs outside of simple healthful requirements. Patterns of illogical thinking, delusions, hallucinations, severe mood swings, and other symptoms of mental illness tend to come even in medicated mentally ill individuals.In the prison system, these symptoms which lea d to curious and unpredictable behavior are often misunderstood by personnel that have not been trained in these types of illnesses. As a result, non-ill inmates and the personnel themselves may fight back with violence and punishment that is detrimental to the already fragile mental health of the individual (Treatment Advocacy Center, 2000). Still further, rape, a ordinarily known occurrence in prison systems, is more likely to occur in individuals who are unable to defend themselves repayable to confusion and disorientation as a result of their mental illness (Hiday, et al, 1998).These patterns of behaviors in like manner lead to hugeer prison sentences for mentally ill inmates. In one study, through with(p) in Rikers Island Prison, the average length of stay for an inmate was 42 days. In comparison, the average rate for a mentally ill inmate was 215 days, a length five times that of a non-ill inmate. In a similar study in Pennsylvania, only 16 percent of released prisoner s had served their complete sentence. Of those, the mentally ill were three times as likely to serve their complete sentence as those who were not ill (Ditton, 1999). maybe one of the largest problems facing the mentally ill who are incarcerated is finding community resources for stir or greater care following their release. A study completed it 1992 showed that nearly 30 percent of mentally ill inmates released commit another act within four months of release (Treatment Advocacy Center, 1999). For many, this recidivism rate is due to a lack of medications necessary to maintain a stable mental health condition. In addition, many of these individuals find themselves homeless following release, which further limits their efficacy to receive further treatment (Ditton, 1999).It is clear that, although the current criminal justice system certainly attempts to care for the mentally ill, more needs to be done to meet these individuals are continuously cared for. One such step, supported by the National Sheriffs Association, is to consider impertinent laws altering the requirements for mental ill treatment. The NSA suggests laws which would allow treatment based on a need for treatment, rather than simply a show of dangerousness. The NSA in like manner supports measures to allow a court order to assist in outpatient treatment of individuals in the community who need such treatment, but refuse it (Faust, 2003). Many studies have shown that mentally ill individuals often are not aware of their illness and thus, refuse treatment despite their clear need for such measures (Teplin and Abram, 2000). According to a long term study supported by the NSA, long term treatment combined with snatch outpatient services reduced rearrest by nearly 74 percent (Faust, 2003).Further, change magnitude the approachability of community services following release has shown to be an effective measure in controlling the issue of mentally ill inmates upon their release. In Cook County , Illinois, case concern for released inmates is provided by the Thresholds Jail Program. The individuals of Thresholds provide 7 day a week case management for as long as the member needs assistance, and even searches the streets for those individuals who are homeless at the time of release. This allegiance has resulted in an 80 percent reduction in the need for hospitalization or incarceration of released inmates. Funded through the Illinois Office of amiable Health, the program costs $25 a day, in comparison to $70 a day for incarceration, or $500 a day for hospitalization (Thresholds, 2006).Additionally, ensuring mental health screening measures, improving personnel training, and providing subordinate mental health staff in all criminal justice systems, including local jails, would also help to decrease the issues related to the mentally ill within the system. In Ohio, where such measures have been implemented, there has been a dramatic increase in the care of the mentally i ll. Reports show less mentally ill prisoner abuse, little punishments for mold infractions, and an overall increase in inmate mental health. Even further, recidivism rates of the mentally ill in Ohio have move nearly 80 percent (Kaufman, 1999).Deinstitutionalization had drastic effects on the future of the mentally ill in America. Unfortunately, the criminal justice system has become a renewal warehouse for the mentally ill, providing basic housing and medication for these individuals only for the duration of confinement. erstwhile released, and even in some smaller prison systems, the inmate is left without adequate mental health treatment or medication, resulting in an endless spiral of illness and incarceration that is costing billions of dollars a year, and the lives of many mentally ill individuals. By creating new laws which allow treatment based on need, utilizing existing community resources on release, and increasing the knowledge and awareness of such issues within t he personnel of the criminal justice system, these individuals can become productive members of society at a far lower cost, creating a better situation for all involved.

'Advertising in Schools: in Public Education System Essay\r'

'Throughout the United States, the hesitation economy has forcefulally affected the physical exercise and income of its citizens, consequently resulting in the deterioration of open education system. In our San Diego Unified regularize alone, it is estimated that the compute famine will reach out $80 million (â€Å"VoiceofSanDiego”). The lack of backup towards public directs could possibly hinder the attendants’ magnate to learn and de none from corpo pasture patronships could translate the necessary tax income to close the give instructions calculate gaps. According to the National Education acquaintance it is estimated that 100,000 trailteachers nationwide lost their jobs preceding the stupefy of the direct year, to protect the use upment of our districts schoolteachers drastic modifications must be implemented. Plausible solutions are to mirror the example of Minnesota’s St. Francis cultivate District who under stinting hardships gaine d $230,000 from the exchange of ad space and so protecting the jobs of their employees.\r\nSee more: The stages of consumer buying decision process essay\r\nHowever, critics argued the advertisements force impede a child’s learning, this problem move be solve with ease by promoting brand name calling in our yearbooks or scoreboards that have fine affect on the education of the students and would keep mum bring substantial profit to our school. The selling of ad space in school buses can also offset the scare costs of educational equipment and vital school programs. Our schools transportation system has recently do cut-backs due to lack of funds, however by displaying local sponsors, the profits can be in corporald back to the schools budget. Being that the butt joint interview is passing spectators, the ads have no negative affect on the students and â€Å"School districts say it’s practically promiscuous money and advertisers love the captive audience sch ool buses provide,” quoted ABC News. Averaging a rate of $230 per month, one meager school bus advertisement stands to make $2,300 in the school year where a majority of the revenue goes directly to the school district.\r\nSponsored advertising could value the financial shortcomings of our schools on all aspects; yet, criticizers cover up to repudiate the progress because the advertisements easily mesmerise a highly susceptible audience. This noisome factor can be use to the advantage of faculty and parents with constructive advertising. Endorsements that resurrect a healthy lifestyle and aliment rather than sugary sweets can attend in the development of our minors. Similarly, ads such as publishing associations could pay to endorse books and another(prenominal) didactic apparatuses in libraries or classrooms that would gain ground learning for schoolchildren. For these reason corporate advertising can be accepted into our schools without the discernment of children being negatively influenced. These economic problems doctor especially to our district and plausible solutions should be exercised. Scripps Ranch High School can adopt these techniques to ease the budget deficit; envision our school advocating a sponsor such as KPBS in our subroutine library or even our sports teams exhibiting sponsored attire of lynx for the sale of ad space.\r\nOur school does not have to brave this recession with entirely cut backs it is time to raise our tutelage for a change, for the sole benefit of our school. Nationwide, the received economic downturn has forced schools to employ budget cuts and teacher terminations. Advertising in our schools could become an efficient means of alleviating the budget deficit and the extra revenue would go towards preserving the jobs teachers and other school programs. This source of open-plan revenue is difficult to deny and our school can hardly afford to drop out more extracurricular activities. To protect the sanc titude of Scripps Ranch High’s brilliant educational system additional income must be utilized and with minimal effects, corporate advertising is an unparalleled example of a money generator.\r\n'

'History of Ford Motor Company\r'

'To say that Henry intersection dilly-d aloneied around before finally establishing a serious car conjunction would be invalid. The 40 family old valet de chambre had been acquiring valuable knowledge regarding channel, engines, management, and most significantly cars. Now it was time to narrow a leap of faith. In 1903 the interbreeding Motor Company came to be. get across, along with other investors including John and Horace Dodge raised $28,000 and in the starting time 15 months produced 1700 instance A cars. These cars were known for their reliability, yet were still too expensive for the average American.\r\nOver the neighboring five years pass over and his engineers produced feigns with the garner B through S, the most productive of which was the sham N (priced at $500) , and the to the lowest degree successful was the Model K (priced at $2500). It was obvious from the Model N that the rouge to the companies success lay in catchpenny(prenominal) cars for a mass market. The answer that crosswalk and the American consumer were looking for was the Model T. The Model T, a small, sturdy four-cylinder car with an charismatic design and a top make haste of 45 mph, hit the market in 1908. It”s success came from it”s winsome price, at $850, and to a greater extent than 10,000 were sold in the first year alone.\r\nIt was easy to operate, maintain, custody on rough roads, and immediately became a success. Along with success came expansion, and in 1910 he established a nonher hookup give in lavishlyland(prenominal) Park, Michigan. Through similar parts, standard manufacturing, and a division repulse, the subscribe to greatly increased for the Model T. It was at this time in 1913 that intersection introduced the manufacture line and forever changed our economy, our industry, and our culture. crossbreeding”s concept of an assembly line sprang from the persuasion that a car could be produced more than quicker if ea ch person did one, individual task.\r\nHe applied this in his Highland Park countersink, and cut down achievement time of one Model T to a fraction on the time. The cautiously timed pace of a conveyor belt belt moving the parts along further speeded the process. With these new tactics, a milling machinery could produce 40%-60% more cars per month. By late 1913 he had established assembly plants in Canada, Europe, Australia, South America, and Japan. At this betoken, the crossover Motor Company was the largest producer of cars in the world. In 1914 hybridizing astonished the business world by more than stunt man the minimum wage for his stoolers, raising it from some $2. 0 to $5.\r\nHe argued that if his employees earned more, the participation would sell more cars to them and reduce employee turnover. He said in regards to this ecenomical move â€Å"The high wage begins down in the shop. If it is non created there it cannot get into pay envelopes. on that point will n ever be a system invented which will do out-of-door with the necessity for work. ” At this point the company had made $30 million in profits, mainly due to his economical and industrial scheme. It was now that he started focusing not scarcely on cars, but on other world issues such as rest in the wake of dry land War I.\r\nHe had a â€Å"peace ship,” called the Oscar II, sent to Norway on an expedition to remnant the war. This would contribute to his future project, the Ford Foundation. Ford displayed his true motives of pleasing the middle family unit consumer, when he lowered the cost of the Model T to $350 in 1916. In 1917 Ford started the construction of a industrial tortuous on the Rouge River in Dearborn, Michigan. The cerebration was to produce everything a car compulsory to run in one squelch area. They had a a steel mill, starter factory, and automobile assembly line. This plant was the utopia of Ford”s mass mathematical product scheme.\r\nIn 1918 Ford unsuccessfully ran for senate, and a year later on he named his son Edsel Ford, the prexy of the Ford Motor Company. He overly started a overtation called â€Å"The Dearborn Independent. ” This journal, produced weekly, was at first anti-Semitic. Statements against Jews were boldly printed. He said that the Jews were laborious to â€Å"wipe out of public spirit every sign of the predominant Christian character of the United States,” as good as other demeaning remarks. afterwards much public protest, Ford cease further publication, and made a public apology to the Jewish people.\r\nAt this point the popularity started shifting from the Model T to large more luxurious cars, and in 1927 the production of Model T”s ceased and sise months later the Model A was introduced. This model included such improvements as hydraulic shock absorbers, automatic windshield wipers, a gas gauge, and a speedometer. The success of these was exceptional to 5 millio n, 10 million piffling of the Model T. It was at this time that the Ford Foundation was introduced. It was established â€Å"for scientific, educational, and charitable purposes, all for the public welfare. This organization basically essay to further nurture the world in any aspect possible.\r\nThis was made possible through all the money acquired through sales, primarily of the model T. Yet this utopia could only be temporary. As more and more large corporations started to pop up, so did labor unions. Ford was the only major manufacturer of cars in the Detroit area that had not recognise a labor union. In 1937 a band of supporters of unionization were physically trounce near a Ford plant by people suspected to work for the President of Ford. As a result, they were incriminate of unfair labor practices by the field of study Labor Relations Board.\r\nIn 1941, pastime a massive workers strike, Henry Ford agreed to sign a dilute that met workers demands. It was only two year s later in 1943 when Henry Ford”s son, Edsel Ford died at age 49, and the hot seat of the company. Henry himself was incapable of running the plants and managing business. He died in 1947 at the age of 83 in his hometown. He died a lively man; his fortune ranged somewhere amid $500 and $700 million. Yet more importantly he died an accomplished man, who had left an sculptural relief on the very definition of the ledger â€Å"American. â€Å"\r\n'

'Management Study Guide\r'

'1. We devour c overed a lot of material over the past two months. The final examination examination impart consist of 10 succinct firmness of purpose questions and 2 case fill questions. The 10 wretched answer questions atomic number 18 homogeneous in structure to short answer questions cand in the quizzes. Ensure you thoroughly rake the case study provided with your final before answer the two case study questions. The exam counts towards 30% of your final grade and sensation cornerst whiznot pass the unravel with forbidden completing the proctored exam.The examination is a closed choice examination; consequently, no books or notes will be eachowed. You will have two hours to complete the examination. The final examination is comprehensive. It includes material in Chapters 1 †20. 2. By providing this review, I hope to channel your preparation and study for the final examination to key atomic number 18as concerning principles of direction, but consider you are responsible for all the cultivation cover since the beginning of class.One should ensure a comprehensive companionship of the Core Learning Objectives, delineated in individually Weeks Overview, Objectives and Weekly Activities, sub fragment â€Å"The Objectives” and denoted by a light blue box with a light slightness key in it. Key areas include the pursuance: Know and briefly drag the five rudimentary focussing functions. Planning †decision making what objectives to pursue during a future uttermost and what to do to achieve those objectives.Organizing †classify activities, assigning activities, and providing the authority necessary to carry out the activities Staffing †find out human resource needs and recruiting, selecting, training, and underdeveloped human resources Leading †directing and channeling human style toward the makement of objectives Controlling †measuring stun a foresightedance against objectives, determining ge ts of deviations, and taking corrective action where necessary correct â€Å" focusing” and explain the managerial signifi give the gatece of â€Å" intensity level” and â€Å"efficiency”.Management is a form of incline that involves arrange an arrangement’s resources †land, labor, and capital †to accomplish organisational objectives. Also known as getting things with through populate List five methods that can used to train or develop employees. OJT †a rainee is shown how to perform the stock and allowed to do it under the flight simulator’s super heap Job Rotation †besides called cross-training, employee learns several different ancestrys within a race whole or department and performs each stock for a particular period Vestibule †procedures and equipment similar to those used in the actual job are set up in a redundant defecateing area called a vestibule.Classroom †most familiar method of training, m ethods are lecture, argueion, audiovisual methods, experiential methods, and computing machine based training. Computer-assisted †allows the employee to absorb information from a predetermined computer program and advance their knowledge in a self-paced format Understand and briefly draw in effective solicitude communication skills. Managers must take a leak direction to the people who cipher for them †employees often perform their jobs poorly b/c they do not understand what is expected of them.Managers must be sufficient to motivate people †majuscule power to communicate to get employees excited about their jobs Managers must be adapted to convince guests that they should do employment with them Managers must be open to absorb the ideas of new(prenominal)s †must be able to understand and accept other people’s viewpoints Managers must be able to persuade other people †Describe four social responsibilities.Philanthropy and volunteerism à ¢â‚¬ efforts to amend human welfare, time and money to charitable, cultural, and civic shapings environmental Awareness †limiting the damage their carrying into actions cause to the environment Sensitivity to Diversity †Maintain an ethnically diverse go awayforce Quality of Work brio †Adopting policies that contribute to the note of life for their employees, such as flex hours, on-the-spot(prenominal) daycares, etc Describe and recognize tumefy-grounded and ethical responsibilities.Legal responsibility †responsibility of a chore to comply with federal and state regulations that affect business operations Ethical responsibility †responsibility of a business to comply with its own set figure of ethics a tenacious with ethical business laws gain when TQM would take in an organization. Total Quality Management †management school of thought that emphasizes ‘managing the entire organization so that it excels in all dimensions of products a nd services that are important to the customer’ List tether methods for training and developing managers.What are organizing work and structure? Organizing work †process of social class of labor accompanied by an inhibit commissioning of authority; avails of organizing work †establishes lines of authority, emends efficiency and the quality of work through synergism, improves communication Organizing structure †is the framework that defines the boundaries of the nominal organization and within which the organization operates; Strategy, size, environment, organization and applied science are factors that affect the organizing structure see when MBO would benefit an organization.Management by Objectives (MBO) †philosophy based on converting organizational objectives into personal objectives; MBO works best when the objectives of each organizational unit are derived from the objectives of the next higher unit in the organization; it assumes that estab lishing personal objectives elicits employee commitment, which leads to improved execution of instrument Articulate and explain change and culture. Change †speech about something different than the previous way or situation.In organizations, commonly refers to technological, environmental or internal changes gloss †set of important understandings (often unstated) that members of a community office; ‘the way we do things around here’ tick between mechanistic and organic organizations. Mechanistic †organizational systems characterized by rigid delineation of functional duties, distinct job descriptions, fixed authority and responsibility, and a well developed organizational hierarchy through which information filters up and instructions flow down thoroughgoing †organizational systems characterized by less formal job descriptions, greater emphasis on daptability, more participation, and less fixed authority Assess and describe the richness of st affing. Employees are the most valuable asset to an organization. The destruction of staffing is to obtain the best available people for the organization and to develop the skills and abilities of those people. Recognize the Herzberg two factor possibility to employee motivation Herzberg’s 2 factor theory, aka motivation-maintenance or motivation-hygiene, is based off the idea that hygiene or maintenance factors, such as supervision, money, status, do not baffle motivation but can stop motivation from occurring.However motivator factors, such as achievement, recognition, advancement, provides true(a) motivation. Discuss the international business environment in terms of management awareness, global competition, and strategic prep International trade consists of the exchange of goods and services by different countries. Compare and contrast the following three; underlying planning, operations management, and strategic management.Planning †process of deciding what ob jectives to pursue during a future time period and what to do to achieve those objectives Operations management †short range planning done primarily by middle to lower level managers, it concentrates on the conceptuality of the functional plans Strategic management †analogous to top-level, long range planning; covers a relatively long period; affects many parts of the organization dress conflict and song. What are some ways it can it be reduced?Conflict †overt bearing that results when an person or group thinks a perceived need of the person or group has been block off or is about to be blocked seek †mental or physical condition that results from a perceived threat of danger (physical or emotional) and the insistency to remove it Ways to reduce conflict/stress: Communication, shortening hours of direct contact with customers, special leaves (sabbatical), on-site exercise facilities, cl too soon defining employee jobs, flextime or telecommuting, early reti rement programs, introducing changes gradually Assess and describe work teams.Formal work team †established and formally accepted by management, established to carry out specific tasks Informal work team †established by personal contacts and interactions among people and isn’t formally know by management Quality circularize †cool of a group of employees, usually 5-15 people, who are members of a single work unit, section or department. The basic purpose of a quality circle is to discuss quality problems and generate ideas that big businessman support improve quality.Self-Directed †members are empowered to control the work they do without a formal supervisor Virtual work team †teams that use mainly technology-supported communication, with team members running(a) and living in different locations Recognize when TQM would benefit an organization. Total Quality Management †management philosophy that emphasizes ‘managing the entire organi zation so that it excels in all dimensions of products and services that are important to the customer’Recognize and understand the implications of job enrichment, enlargement and rotation. Job enrichment †upgrading of the job by adding motivator factors Job enlargement †bounteous an employee more of a similar type of operation to perform Job rotation †a trainee goes from 1 job to another within the organization, generally rest at each job from 6 †12 months Each of these processes are used in attempt to solve motivational problems with employees Describe quality circle and recognize when there implementation may help an organization.Quality circle †composed of a group of employees, usually 5-15 people, who are members of a single work unit, section or department. The basic purpose of a quality circle is to discuss quality problems and generate ideas that might help improve quality. Benefits include increasing employee participation, set ahead commu nication and trust among members and managers, inexpensive way to provide training, and solves problems Define, explain, and provide an example of operations control. Operations management †is the management of the production function in any organization;Describe the difference between lead and management. Effective leadership in organizations creates a vision of the future that considers the legitimate long-term interests of the parties involved in the organization, develops a strategy for moving toward that vision, enlists the support of employees to produce the movement, and motivates employees to implement the strategy. Management is a process of planning, organizing staffing, motivating and controlling through the use of formal authority.Leadership is the ability to influence people to willingly follow one’s guidance or adhere to one’s decisions Management is a form of work that involves coordinating an organization’s resources †land, labor, and capital †to accomplish organizational objectives. Define the concept of synergy and how it relates to management of organizations. Organization improves the efficiency and quality of work through synergism. For example, synergism results when three people running(a) together produce more than three people work separately.Synergism can result from division of labor or from increased coordination, both of which are products of good organization. synergism †occurs when individuals or groups work together to produce a whole greater than the sum of the parts. Evaluate and describe four characteristics common to all organizations. Group of people, working together, in some concerted or unified effort to, obtain objectives Describe at to the lowest degree three climb upes or theories to motivate employees.Scientific management approach †based on the assumption that money is the old motivation of people; if the monetary award is great enough, employees will work hard er and produce more paleness approach †is based on the idea that people wanted to be treated fairly in relationship to others Reinforcement approach †is based on the idea that behavior that appears to lead to a controlling consequence tends to be retell, whereas behavior that appears to lead to a negative consequence tends not to be repeated Recognize when â€Å"flattening an organization” may be appropriate Flatter organizations have fewer levels and larger spans of management at each level. Sometimes when forced to downsize, flattening an organization is resulted.\r\n'

'Mr Alex\r'

'Human science fragments everything In order to understand It, kills everything In order to get word It. ” (Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace)l There has always existed the question whether gay sciences ar considered real sciences and if do they really detect the established guidelines of science. The argument is t wear the natural sciences take a different approach to results and grow a firm dependence on the observer. This is due to the fact, that in some cases human sciences have to take into account concepts, which atomic number 18 hard to measure like peppiness or love.Likewise, the background knowledge and empathy of the observer affect the results of the try. When talking about human sciences is important to highlight that they dont march a theory, as there is no nose candy% certainty in any of the experiments. They only minimal brain dysfunction information to the understanding of a topic or concept. To further develop my argument that state of matters that Human sciences are scientific, the Boob Doll Experiment will be analyses to develop this claim. The Boob Doll Experiment was presented by Albert Bandeau to help prove his belief hat all human behavior was learned with copying and imitating, rather than through genetic factors.This experiment is still controversial to this day, as many debaters state that todays globalize society that promotes violence. Therefore children are much pr sensation to violent behavior than in former(a) generations. Dry. Albert Bandeau used children on his experiment, as they have little knowledge on rules of society and less prone on behaving as the society calculate is right. He had four hypotheses; the first one was that children witnessing self-assertive behavior by adults loud replicate their actions however if adults were not nearby.The second one states that children who have spy non- high-pressure behavior are less likely to be violent. Even less than the control group, who have not even seen an a dult. (Role Model) The third one proposes that children are much susceptible to copy the actions of an adult of the same-sex. The last one suggested that male children would be more aggressive than the opposite sex. Ii The Experiment had a simple and intelligibly stated Dependent Variable and Independent Variable. withal it had a Control Group used as comparison with the other woo groups, the one with aggressive and peaceful adults.Moreover the experiment can be recurrent to add up and compare the information; this is a scientific quality that complies with the scientific theory. Another big aspect to take into account Is that each of the subjects was tried Individually to avoid other Individuals affecting the reactions of the subject. ailment On the other hand, the experiment had some distinctly flaws. For example It generalizes the results as Just a few children were part of the experiment, so the sample is very sign on and specific.\r\n'

'The Nature of Good Teaching\r'

'There continues to be ongoing debate about the qualities of a wide carnal breeding takeer. For a long sentence it was considered that keeping the students â€Å"busy, happy, true(p)” was an end in itself. This stress affords little attention to what the students actually learn in somatogenic commandment kinspers nonpareils. corporal preparation in our political platform forthwith has changed as has the way we be intimate our lives, entertain ourselves and technology.Before we emotional state at what is considered today to be qualities of inviolable sensible breeding teaching, we need to look at where the nonion of ‘busy, happy, best’ has come from. Richard Tinning, David Kirk and toilet Evens outline the progression of what has been deemed to be quality physiological reproduction in Australian initiates over the decades. Their film looks at the methods being used by corporal cultivation teachers and what actually happens in the lesson instead of characteristics displayed by teachers.The notion â€Å"busy, happy, good” was suggested to be a standard of quality teaching by Judith Placek in 1983. (Placek, 1983). prior(prenominal) to Placek’s inquiry one of the close to normally used tools to look for the effectiveness of a teacher was the Academic Learning Time (ALT). An adaption of this was used for the research of effective physical education teaching research ALT-PE (Tinning, Kirk &Evans p. 139). This method of research was focussed on monitor a student’s escort and booming completion of the task.The research conducted by Judith Placek found that â€Å"for most teachers and student teachers the dominant concerns in teaching physical education ar to keep the children ‘busy, happy and good’” (Tinning, Kirk &Evans, 1993). â€Å"Success, in many cases, is not Sharon or bobsleigh learning to jump shot correctly. Success is relate to the immediate, observabl e happenings in the gym. Are the students participating (busy), enjoying themselves (happy), and doing what the teacher directs (good)? (Placek, 1983, p. 54)When this was written in 1993 one of the main concerns with infantile people was the amount of time spent ceremonial occasion TV as the main source of their entertainment. Tinning, Kirk and Evans enlighten principal out that for children to engage in their education they wanted to be entertained or they would disengage. Since the rapid harvest-time of technology our lifestyles go through changed and run low much demanding. The macrocosm of separate countries has become less active atomic number 82 toward signifi fagt health issues that electric shock the whole community.The arena wellness Organisation released a Global scheme on Diet, carnal Activity and Health in response to the concerns of the changing lifestyles of developed countries in the conclusion 25 years. (WHO, 2012) â€Å"Because of these changes i n dietary and lifestyle patterns, degenerative NCDs —including obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension and stroke, and some types of genus Cancer — are becoming increasingly significant causes of deterrent and premature death in both developing and newly developed countries, placing additional burdens on already overtaxed national health budgets” (WHO 2012).In 2007-08, one quarter of Australian children (or around 600,000 children aged 5-17 years) were overweight or obese, up four percentage points from 1995. Studies exhaust shown that once children become obese they are more deally to period obese into adulthood and pay an increased guess of developing diseases associated with obesity (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010). The issue today for physical education teachers is still one of engagement and the need for students to discombobulate fun however these simply do not fully satisfy the platform standards by which we o perate.The squeamish Essential Learning Standards (VELS) Health and sensual Education guidelines states; â€Å"(schools) provides students with subsistledge, skills and behaviors to enable them to achieve a degree of autonomy in developing and maintaining their physical, mental, complaisant and emotional health” (VELS, 2012). A student can be fully engaged, having fun and behaving well man not being aware of learning anything. So if keeping students ‘busy, happy and good’ is not plenteous then what does make a good physical education teacher?The Alliance for a fitter generation suggests that PE focuses more on the acquisition of spirit skills and knowledge and exposes students to a wide variety of physical activities that can be engaged in for a lifetime (Alliance for a healthier Generation 2012). The Victorian Essential Learning Standards states â€Å"It emboldens the latent for lifelong partnership in physical activity through the breeding of take skills and movement competence, health-related physical fitness and romp education. (VELS 2012) It is obvious that as physical education teachers we have the opportunity to impact students for the relaxation of their lives either in a positive or a oppose way. Unfortunately today there are children that have negative experiences in Physical Education. These experiences have the potential to negatively impact a student for the rest of their lives preventing them from enjoying regular participation in a topical anaesthetic sporting and health community.VELS Health and Physical Education focuses on the importance of â€Å"lifelong participation in physical activity through the development of motor skills and movement competence, health-related physical fitness and sport education. ” (VELS, 2012) What the curriculum has set out to do is provide a positive foundation where students can be immersed in a motivating culture, that is â€Å"a force that energises, sustains and di rects behaviour toward a goal” (Egan, Kauchak, 2007, p. 298).Some of the problems facing today’s physical education classes are outlined by Kathryn Meldrum and Jacqui Peters that include â€Å"an overcrowded curriculum, teacher who don’t like physical education won’t teach it, PE is not an academic area, teachers don’t have enough confidence to teach it, the schools facilities and equipment are shortsighted” (Meldrum & Peters, 2012, p. 12). The lack of motivation is clear and passed onto students resulting in pathetic participation, low motivation and a negative impact that can affect a rise in chronic health issues.The Melbourne Declaration on educational Goals for Young Australians book of factses the role played by schools to â€Å"promote the intellectual, physical, social, emotional, moral, spiritual and aesthetic development of young Australians” (Meldrum & Peters, 2012, p. 13). To address the issue of ‘busy, h appy, good’ quality physical education designs need to be embraced by the whole school community. One of the aims of physical education is to enable students to develop positive attitudes towards physical activity and lifelong habits of participation.The sign physical activity experiences which the child has at school will impact significantly on attitudes and practices in later life. Hence we need to ensure that the experiences in physical activity at school are positive in order to achieve this aim. (NSW Government, 2012) The theme Association for Sport and Physical Education (USA) have outlined four components that contribute to high-quality physical education programs they include; opportunity to learn, meaningful content, appropriate bidding and student and program assessment.These alone are not enough to address the issues facing today’s students. Colin Marsh in his fifth edition of ‘ seemly a Teacher’ partly describes a good teacher to have †Å"humanity and warmth †to know at all times what students in class are doing and also to care about what they are doing. ” (Marsh, 2010, p. 3) Good teachers need to be able to run students. Generally students who are motivated have more positive attitudes and are more slaked, persist on difficult tasks, and process information in sense and excel in learning experiences (Egan, Kauchak 2007).There is no one solution to providing a quality physical education program in schools today. Clearly we cannot be satisfied with the notion of ‘busy, happy, good’. Physical education encompasses physical mental emotional of necessity of students while creating socially engaged citizens, leaders and community minded citizens. Physical education is providing a platform of skills and motivation to notwithstanding a life of healthy lifestyle habits. Physical education classes are not fitness centres where students gain vigor their weekly exercise program and are unploughed engaged for the time spent there.To facilitate these needs takes cooperation from all school staff working in concert to strengthen Physical Education programs in topical anesthetic schools. Skilled teachers that are connected into local communities directive students to further pursue what they have engaged in at school. Physical education is the one font that has the greatest and longest lasting impact in a student’s life so we need to deliver a quality program to every student. Reference ListAustralian Bureau of Statistics, 2010, ‘Health: obesity’, retrieved twenty-ninth August 2012, http://www. abs. gov. au/ausstats/[email protected] nsf/ lookup/by%20Subject/1370. 0~2010~Chapter~Obesity%20(4. 1. 6. 6. 3) Eagan, P, Kauchak, D 2007, Theories of motive In Educational Psychology: Windows on Classrooms, seventh Edition, Pearson Education Publication, Upper Saddle River, NJ Marsh, C 2010, Becoming a Teacher: Knowledge, Skills and Issues, 5th Edition, Pears on Publication, Frenchs Forest, NSWMeldrum, K, Peters, J 2012, Learning to teach health and physical education: The student, the teacher and the curriculum, Pearson Publication, Frenchs Forest, NSW National Association for Sport and Physical Education, 2012, ‘Key Points of Quality Physical Education’, retrieved twenty-ninth August 2012, http://www. aahperd. org/naspe/publications/teachingTools/QualityPE. cfm NSW Department of Eduaction, 2012, ‘What is good physical education? ’, retrieved 29th August 2012, http://www. curriculumsupport. education. sw. gov. au/secondary/pdhpe/assets/pdf/pa_025. pdf Placek, J 1983, Conceptions of success in teaching: Busy, happy and good? Teachings in Physical Education, Human Kinetics Publishers, Champaign, Illinois Tinning, R, Kirk, D & Evans, J 1993, Learning to teach physical education, learner Hall Publication, Melbourne World Health Organisation, 2012, ‘Global outline on Diet, Physical Activity and Healthâ €™, retrieved 29th August 2012, http://www. who. int/dietphysicalactivity/publications/trs916/intro/en/\r\n'

'Minimal Impact of Organic Chemistry Prerequisite Essay\r'

'The authors investigated whether the assumption that the successful completion of demand fertilises has authoritative opposition on educatee murder on passs that require the essential. Specifically, Wright, Cotner and Winkel investigated the impact of completing ingrained alchemy course which is a necessary course in some curriculum for Introductory interpersonal chemistry course to scholar performance on the latter course. The investigators obtained their entropy from the University of Minnesota Data Warehouse for performance and characteristics of students enrolled in Biochemistry 3021 (Bioc 3021) from fall of 2003 to summer of 2006.\r\nRepeating students were excluded in their investigating while student grades in Bioc 3021, General Chemistry 1 and 2, and fundamental Chemistry 1 (Chem 2301) were include in the analysis. The investigators analyzed students entering as freshmen by the piece from bump off students. The authors explained that â€Å"Bioc 3021 is an i ntroductory biochemistry course for non-biochemistry majors” with necessarys of unmatchable semester of introductory biology, two semesters of introductory chemistry with science laboratory and one semester of organic chemistry lecture (Wright et.\r\nal. , 2009, 46). product line that majority of the students winning up Bioc 3021 are not from the University’s College of Biological Science, who are required to force back the course except for biochemistry majors who consume a different course to take. 69 percent of student analyzed were from other colleges, with 19 percent approaching from the College of Continuing Education and were â€Å"likely to be taking the course in preparation for application to health-related overlord schools” (Wright et. al. , 2009, 46).\r\nIt is also important to note that during the inclusive dates of analysis, the necessity were not strictly enforced, allowing students to register into any course whether or not they prevail successfully finished its prerequisites. The authors also reported that the grades in Bioc 3021 of students who accomplished Chem 2301 was exclusively 0. 07 points higher than those who did not. The analysis included all students who took Bioc 3021 for the counterbalance time and including those who took Chem 2301 regardless of the grade obtained.\r\nThis implies that the norm grades that the students earn in Bioc 3021 are similar regardless of whether they have end the prerequisite course Chem 2301. Concerning the grade point average of students who took the Bioc 3021, those who have completed the organic chemistry prerequisite had an modal(a) GPA of 2. 92 while those who did not had an average of 3. 18â€significantly lower than those who had completed the prerequisite.\r\nFurther more, the authors explained that no(prenominal) of the students who had successfully completed the organic chemistry prerequisite before taking Bioc 3021 had an a acaccumulative GPA of zero wh ile there were 47 prohibited of 815 students who had not taken the prerequisite course had cumulative GPA of zero. However, the info revealed that the student who had acquired a cumulative GPA of zero had no earned credit at the University of Minnesota prior to taking Bioc 3021 implying that they were smart students who probably â€Å"globally failed, withdrew, or stopped care all of their classes” in some other university.\r\nWright et al. (2009) explained that if these students were excluded in their analysis, the average cumulative GPA of students who had not completed the Chem 2301 prerequisite prior to taking Bioc 2301 would be 2. 817â€amazingly higher than those who had completed the prerequisite. In summary, the study think that â€Å"no improvement in performance in Bioc 3021 could be attributed to completion of the organic chemistry prerequisite” (Wright et. al. , 2009, 48)\r\nOn the other hand, the data that the investigators have pull together reveal ed that students who had not completed the organic chemistry were more likely to withdraw from the Introductory Biochemistry course than those who had completed the prerequisiteâ€with 10. 7 and 4. 8 percent deathrate rate respectively. Their data also revealed that the completion of the prerequisite whitethorn have more value for transfer students than from students admitted from high school of the University of Minnesota. Section 4\r\nThis obligate is related now to the course of Introductory Biochemistry and Organic Chemistryâ€a course included in some curriculum as a prerequisite to the former. Section 5 The investigators have only evaluated the impact of the Organic Chemistry prerequisite to student performance in Introductory Biochemistry in the University of Minnesota. While their data revealed minimal impact, the results were insufficient to generally claim that student performances in Introductory Biochemistry do not directly correlate to completing prerequisite cour ses or not.\r\n comparable investigations could be performed in other universities that could reinforce or refute the conclusions made by the investigators. Article may be downloaded from http://www. lifescied. org/cgi/reprint/8/1/44? maxtoshow=& deoxyadenosine monophosphate;HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=biochemistry&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT Reference Wright, R. , Cotner, S. , and Winkel, A. (2009). Minimal Impact of Organic Chemistry Prerequisite on Student motion in Introductory Biochemistry. CBE Life Science Education, 8, 44-54.\r\n'

'Marketing Management and Market Orientation Essay\r'

'People atomic number 18 open to trade in almost everything and they can foregather the results of marketing in the advertisements on television, internet, and so on and in the abundance of many point of intersections. So marketing can be pay back as an firmament that has been evolved over time and its process is a instal of activities that includes understand, deliver, create and communicate some a product or service to customers, clients. According to The Chartered constitute of Marketing marketing is â€Å"The management process amenable for separateing, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably” (The Chartered im dissociate of Marketing). Among the management functions like organizing, financing and producing, marketing is acknowledge as a vital function by many companies. In the opinion of Prf. Rustom S. Davar Marketing way is the discovering of the consumers’ call(a) for, converting them into the products or service to the ulti mate consumer, so that needs of specific categories or groups of the customers could be so well-off that by the most favorable utilization of the resources, the could take in the maximum benefits (Mundra, 2010). Physical and psychological factors are the chief(prenominal) focus in the Marketing focus, alike motivate, coordinate, restrainer and direct are superstar of the principal resposibility to come across marketing management goals.\r\nDefine the Market preference\r\nNaver and Slater (1990) define Market Orientation as â€Å"the culture” that most effectively and efficiently creates the needed behaviours for the creation of boss value for buyers. They measure the achievement of market orientation through the behaviours that are the manifestations of those values. These authors define three basic components as: customer orientation, disputation orientation and inter-functional coordination (Naver, 1995). Market Orientation is the business motivation wit hin a company, because it is focus on identify and stand the needs and wants of a target customer, this includes farm new products or improve on hold up products. The purpose of marketing orientation is to create superior buyer value that is the reason why all the decisions are based on information about the customers needs or wants instead of think what is acceptable for the business.\r\nReflect on the Market Orientation and Management of an organisation you are aware of. Louis Vuitton has established in the market place with its own identity â€Å"LV” a flummox recognized as one of the most luxurious and more exclusive brand in the fashion industry. Its marketing strategy is to provide their customers with the most luxurious products with a unique quality, which may the customers, choose between buying a Louis Vuitton or nothing. The way that LVMH (Louis Vuitton †Moët Hennessy) Group manages its market orientation and management makes the company enjoys a classifiable position in the competitive landscape. Louis Vuitton products are go by by 18 principles such as principle of Ostentation, Principle of Prohibiting Unfavorable Comparisons Designed to Support former(a) Brands, etcetera (Nagasawa, 2008). As well, has no policy of make rebate in their products in order to keep a higher perception of its products. All its products put one across a purpose and it is to make the customers notice part of a friendly reference group, a social status that is why many of its models campaign are famous celebrities in order to make customers feel part of that group.\r\nTo keep the luxury and exclusivity of the brand they start with famous designers such as Marc Jacobs, Stephen Sprouse, to create moderate editions that are offered to the upper class. Some of this collaboration has in all forgotten the famous pattern LV that was the slickness of Kasuma a Japanese designer who is famous for its crying dots. Louis Vuitton creates a high lo yalty with their customers by crack products with the maximum quality creating an endless desire in LV products. Also providing lifetime guarantee for its products. LV keep working with the technology by unremitting work on improvement of quality also create a mobile apps so their customer can enjoy the experience by distance. They have on’t have limit on how very much they would invest in pleasing their customers from adequate their stores to satisfy their customer to designs everything to keep customers and getting more.\r\n'

'Death Represenataion in Sylvia Plath’s Selected Poems Essay\r'

' last mean in Sylvia Plath’s Selected Poems Mohamed Fleih Hassan Instructor English Dept. / swindle Death is genius of the signifi potentiometert and recurrent bows in the song of Sylvia Plath. This paper aims at showing the poet’s attitudes towards remnant. Certain rimes argon selected to show the poet’s un uniform attitudes to destruction: cobblers last as a feelual rebirth or renewal, and stopping point as an end. Most obvious factors shaped her attitudes towards expiration were the auricula atriily oddment of her induce that remaining her unsecured, and the unfaithfulness of her husband, Ted Hughes, who left-hand(a) her dejected and melancholy.\r\nPlath’s ‘ 2 spots of a Cadaver Room’, ‘Sheep in Fog’, ‘A Birthday Present’, ‘ demonstrate’, and ‘I Am Vertical’ atomic number 18 selected to depict her various perspectives towards remnant. Death Representation in Sylvia Plath’s Selected Poems Generally speaking, remnant is represented in books in various moods shifting from being an ominous terrifying trace to a performer of fulfillment and new beginnings. Death came to be a recurrent theme in Sylvia Plath’s numbers due to the sudden finale of her father. His demise left the daughter with powerful feelings of defeat, resentment, grief and remorse.\r\nSo the absence of the father had influenced her emotional bearing minusly to the design that it is reflected clearly in her meters. Sylvia Plath (1932-1963) passed in periods of nonion and on that point were precursors of suicidal act through fits of breakdown. Among the reasons for her early depression be the early shoemakers last of her father that left her unsecured and her failure to attend a piece of euphony class at Harvard. Though she got a mince as a college guest-editor of the Mademoiselle, and she got mo nononous with nada to fall back on in stark nake d York. She stony-broke down with the unfulfillment of her dream of being a successful writer.\r\nT presentfore, she took an over-dose of sleeping-pills to end her mishap, but she was saved. 1 after(prenominal) successful psychiatric sessions of recoin truth, Plath met Ted Hughes at Cambridge and they got married in 1956. She found in him a motive and respite for the absence of the father. Hughes believed in her exceptional gift. In that period, the join got success and fame with their poetic development, especially when they got children. Her poems had been published in Britain and America like, The Colossus 1960, which dealt with Plath’s preoccupation with ideas of dying and rebirth.\r\nHughes’ retire affair with a nonher(prenominal) woman broke the union of Plath, who suffered the devastation of the broken marriage. Shifting into a new flat in London, she started writing poems of rage, despair, love and vengeance but her poems were slowly accepted for public ation. She suffered the traumatic breakdown and melancholia that she put her head in the oven in 11 April, 1963. 2 Death came to be a recurrent theme in the poetry of Sylvia Plath, and this theme has been represented in different elbow rooms in her poems.\r\nShe did engage the reader either in a personal or an impersonal way to hatful death either as a liberating force or troubling depressing experience. Her depiction of death is reflected by the use of such techniques as imagery, language, structure, and tone. Her negative attitude towards death is caused by the early death of her father that left her dejected. In her poem ‘ devil positionings of a Cadaver Room’ (1959), she presents a disheartened point of view towards death. This poem recounts an experience she had term dating a young Harvard medical student.\r\nShe followed her fashion plate and some other medical students into an operating room where the students were busily dissecting a preserved corpse. Th e verbaliser and her mate ar horrified by the experience, the bank clerk offers both views of the cadaver room as alternate possibilities of portraying death in art; the physical view of death and the amorous view of death. One view is epitomized by the cadaver room contrasting the romantic one of death, which is represented by a flesh bulge out from a Brueghel painting depicting twain lovers, who are spell bounded by one another and careless to the destruction and devastation around them. The poem is written in two billets. The first part creates a futile setting in which things are described in a ‘dissecting room’, which suggests a mood of despondency. She did so by the use of wastelandish parable through comparing cadaver with ‘burnt misfire’: The day she visited the dissecting room They had four men set out, black as burnt turkey, Already half unstrung. (II. 1-3) The place ‘dissecting room’ suggests mercilessness and dehumani zation. The dead bodies are anatomized and bones are removed which suggest a wretched image.\r\nThe poetess compares death with the dissector, in which it takes off the spirit out of the body as did the doctor in dissecting the major constituents of bodies. Death here represents a terrifying force that annihilates man’s liveliness. The dissecting room serves as the epitome of scientific space, which is to claim death’s space. And this is the space not only of pistillate witnessing and female passivity, ‘she could scarcely make out anything/ In that dust of skull plates and old leather’, but also of a bestowment from male to female, from male scientist to female poet.\r\nThe growth of dissecting the dead body indicates the savageness and carelessness of the surgeon, who cuts out the heart; the symbol of man’s brio and feelings. The surgeon is associated with death in the good sense that he extracts the heart of the body, ‘He hands her t he cut-out heart like a cracked heirloom. ‘ The simile presents a really useless pessimistic image for the heart. The heart is not only reduced to a non-functioning machine, but a man hands death to a woman. The heart is the dearest to man and is compared to the heirloom which contains the memory of the dead, but it is uprooted maliciously.\r\nDeath came to be an unavoidable inheritance. 4 In many another(prenominal) of her poems, what Plath perceives is a death-figure which jeopardizes to swallow her up unless she can support her living identity by â€Å"fixing” and gum olibanum immobilizing her enemy in a organize poetic image. Plath transforms death by assuming the grapheme of a photo-journalist who observes the details in a way as to control the scene with the transforming power of language. She follows the technique of fusing various visual images in a meaning(prenominal) way. in that locationfore, she transcends the literal immediacy of what she sees and c reates order out of chaos. The twinkling part paradoxes the first in showing a couple who are ignorant of the horrors of death. Their ignorance of the shadow of death around them intensifies their tragic catastrophic end: Two people only are blind to the carrion forces: He, afloat in the sea of her blue satin Skirts, sings in the direction Of her bare shoulder, while she bends, Fingering a paginationlet of music, over him, Both of them deaf to the playact in the hands Of the death’s-head shadowing their song. (II. 13-19) Plath thinks that the plump for view was untenable.\r\nConfronting the literal physicality of death (as the narrator does in the first stanza), and ignoring that reality (as the lovers do in the Brueghel painting) seem hopelessly romantic and naive. The only way to relinquish the painful awareness of impending death is by relinquishing life itself. Plath committed felo-de-se in her flat moving herself and her work into the realm of myth and psycho-myst ical speculation. The back view of death is the bestowal of death that is interrupted by art. Paradoxically, this interruption of death by art is itself a kind of death, a freezing of life.\r\nThe poem surveys with an eye which is blind and an ear which is deaf. If the lovers’ blindness and deafness to death’s music permits them to ‘flourish’, then this flourishing is ‘not for want’. Paradoxically, the work of art saves from death by paralyzing or fixing the living in an absolute present, which is to say a perfected present, but without future: This booth of death’s triumph by art, this oppositeness of art to death, is itself a kind of death, since it reminds us that those lovers captured in art’s absolute present can do nothing at all.\r\nJust as there are two kinds of music here †the death’s-head’s and the lovers’ †so art is not placed in any simple ohmic resistance to death. 6 There are two kinds of death: on the one hand, death as process, as rebirth or renewal, as imaginary; and, on the other hand, death as end, as factuality. Plath rides into death in ‘Sheep in Fog’ (1963) but death is no longer c onceived as renewal. The objective in ‘Sheep in Fog’ becomes the ‘dark water’: They threaten To let me through to a heaven starless and fatherless, a dark water. (II. 13-15) The sense of dissolution is vanquish in this poem through thee description of the earth of the poem.\r\nEach line and separately stanza of the poem concerns the fade of something. ‘hills step off into whiteness’, ‘Morning has been blacken’ and the starless heaven leave her dejected and wretched. 7 ‘Sheep in Fog’ suggests that there is a infrastructure sundering of poet and poetry, a death of the poet that is the life of the poetry, if only as that which is in mourning for the poet. The impersonality of Plath’s la ter poetry is not arrived at through an ethical self-denial of the poet’s empirical, autobiographical self in the interests of a universal validity, a kind of immortality or demonstration against death.\r\nRather, it is an impersonality in which there is a highly ill-considered and unstable relation between poet and poetry. 8 ‘A Birthday Present’ (1962) is another dramatic monologue in which terror and death predominate. The persona longs to live on the gift presented by his friend. The vocalizer, her friend, and the object â€Å"talk” to separately other in the kitchen. She imagines that the present may be ‘bones’, ‘a pearl button’, and ‘an bead tusk’. Each of these things has white colour and suggests the nature of the birthday present that she wants.\r\nThe three white objectsâ€bones, pearl, and ivory tuskâ€all suggest death because they were once part of living organisms. The persona speaks of the veils around the present. In order to remove the concealing veil, which causes her anxiety and fear, the vocaliser demands an end to the screening off of death from view. She compares her life at the end of the poem to the arrival by mail of parts of her own corpse. At the end, the speaker demands as her birthday present not the previously mentioned symbols of death or the figure representing death, but death itself: 9 If it were death\r\nI would admire the of late gravity of it, its timeless eyes. I would know you were serious. There would be a nobility then, there would be a birthday. And the knife not carve, but fancy Pure and clean as the cry of a baby, And the universe slide from my side. (II. 52-58) The poem dramatizes her birthday to be her death. The drama of ‘A Birthday Present’ is frightening in its transformation of a domestic and prosperous occasion into a celebration of suicide. It captures the movement of the speaker’s mind as she throws hers elf into the sequence of go that might lead her to kill herself.\r\nPlath’s second perspective towards death is that it may be elect by the individual himself as a marrow of self-destruction, rather than acting as a horrible exterminating force. The poetess aims to show the suffering and agony of the persona in selecting death as a means of venting of the antagonistic adult male of the person. This perspective is reflected in Plath’s ‘Edge’, which was written on 5 February 1963 and is fancy to be Plath’s last poem. According to Seamus Heaney, one of the biographers of Plath, the poem was a suicide note, which is to say an alone personal, autobiographical communication from a distressed melancholic woman.\r\nFor this reason, the poem is limited by the literal death of the poet, a death that cannot help but be read back into the poem. 10 This death is a negativity that renews, and works within an economy of life. This is not just an imaginary de ath, but death as a figure for the imagination itself, as a negativity that may be harnessed in the interests of life. This poem carries the reader not only to the in truth limit of life, but also to the limit of poetry. And yet, if in this poem the woman is ‘perfected’, it is through a death that takes the form of an aesthetic object, but in which the emphasis none the less falls very much on illusion.\r\nThe speaker in this poem doesn’t endure the anguish of his life and feels that his misery is over: The illusion of a Greek indispensability Flows in the scrolls of her toga Her bare Feet seem to be give tongue to: We have come so far, it is over. (II. 4-8) The bare feet mean the lack of protection and immunity. The tone looks submissive but it indicates the willingness to accept death as an outlet and leave out of the aggressive world. The persona feels alienated in the world around him. No one cares for the persona’s death even the moon, ‘The moon has nothing to be sad about/ Staring from her hood of bone. Therefore, she starts looking at for something beyond death, which is the longing for perfection. Usually come ups symbolize purity, so she compares her folding of the dead bodies of children as petals of a rose close. Therefore she thinks that through death, she will have a new beginning. 11 Death as a means of rebirth is reflected in Plath’s ‘I Am Vertical’. She sets images taken from nature as a background of her poem. This use of nature as a setting for her poem shows death not as a horrible monstrous thing. She presented two fruitful lively images of nature and then she negates her counterpart to them:\r\nI am not a maneuver with my root in the spoil Sucking up minerals and motherly love So that each skirt I may gleam into leaf, Nor am I the beauty of a garden bed Attracting my trade of Ahs and spectacularly painted, Unknowing I must currently unpetal. (II. 2-7) The persona feels rejecti on of the surroundings when ‘the trees and flowers have been strewing their feeble odours. I walk among them, but none of them are noticing. ‘ This represents the negligence of society and the social restraints that the individual feels. ‘each March I may gleam into leaf’ suggests the continuity of life and regeneration.\r\nShe is longing to be fall in with nature via death; the nature that symbolizes serenity and tranquility, ‘ because the sky and I are in expand conversation’. The word ‘sky’ gives death the sense of spirituality and elevation. The speaker is not satisfied in her life and she accepts death as a means for recognition: And I shall be useful when I lie down finally: Then the trees may touch me for once, and the flowers have time for me. (II. 19-20) Plath’s life is ended in a world of death and despondency from which there is no rebirth or transformation.\r\n'

'Behavioral Expectations\r'

'School activities which p everyiate the study of the students laughingstock either be inside or immaterial of the classroom. Nonetheless, all these activities implicate wayal expectations which the students must meet. In-class activities intromit the use of nurture centers and reckoner stations. This military action facilitates discipline through the use of disparate obtains which provide the students a better understanding of the lesson. In addition, learning centers and computer stations give the students some hands-on training, which is actually in force(p) because it adds up to the learning escort of the students.Finally, these faculties of learning allow the students to enrich their knowledge and imagination, non entirely limiting the things to be learned to what the instructor has verbalize. For this phase of action at law, the students atomic number 18 anticipate to use the particular source efficiently so that it may help facilitate and enhance learni ng. This means that all available sources, such(prenominal) as computers, must be used with relevance to the academics. Moreover, the students are pass judgment to practice courtesy. They should be answerable and not be abusive to the things which the school offers.One should too be courteous to his or her fellow classmates, and some especially to the teacher and other personnel stick in the particular learning center. Another in-class drill is the teacher-led activities. This kind of practise provokes the teacher the sole facilitator of learning. The teacher is the one who gives the basic rules or general book of instructions of the activity, and lays-out its objectives. The students, on the other hand, are the participants in the learning process and they are the ones who generate the ideas, key points and determine of the activity.Basically, at the end of the activity, the teacher summarizes everything the students have said into few general ideas, and some seasons ask s the class to quote them. For a better focus on the students’ charge and participation, the teacher may similarly ask a volunteer from the class to summarize the general ideas of the activity instead of simply saying the main ideas. Finally, the teacher evaluates if all the objectives have been met, then proceeds to the lesson or next activity. For this kind of activity the students are judge to listen attentively to the teacher.They should be attentive in order for them to understand the instructions, objectives and ideas of the activity. Secondly, the students should practice a smell of responsibility. They should be able to know their priorities, what they fill and need not to do whenever there is a teacher-led activity which requires their full attention and active participation. Learning does not only take place inside the classroom. Therefore, schools also conduct out-of-class activities in order to let the students experience and explore. Most common type of out -of-class activities include vacation spot time or recess.This is a few-minute break afterward two to four subjects to give some time for students. This particular activity is a good shape of learning outside the classroom. With regard to behavioral expectations, all students are expected to practice camaraderie. This is the time when they are able to socialize with one another. Therefore, they are expected to behave properly, talk to fellow classmates and create friendship. In addition, they are also expected to learn the appreciate of sharing and unselfishness. Friendship grows in the light of sharing. Students must know how to think of other people.Another interesting out-of-class activity is the field trip out. This sound-planned activity is an educational trip to different places of great significance, usually held once a year. The trip intends to familiarize the students with the historical and cultural significance and influences of the places to be visited. In this ki nd of activity, the students are also expected to practice camaraderie. This time, the context of camaraderie is deeper because the students are acquittance out of the school into different places and are outgo more time with each other.Moreover, the students must be obedient in the sense that they need to go after all instructions given by the teacher in order to avoid problems. The basic rule of determining whether the students did or did not understand the proper behavior expected from them is by way of asking. afterwards the teacher has given the activity and the proper behavior expected from them, he or she must source ask the students what they did not understand to what he or she has said. If there is a question raised by one of the students, he or she must double what is expected of the students and expound it.He or she must make sure that every behavioral expectation she mentioned was exonerated to the mind of the students before proceeding to the activity. Another effective way of evaluating the students’ understanding of behavioral expectations is by definition. This is to be done after the activity has been finished. The teacher volition ask the students to define the behavioral expectations he or she has given the class before the start of the activity. By this method, the teacher will fully know how well the students understood the values expected from them.\r\n'

'Empowered by Manolos, Bound by Cosmos Femininity and Gender Roles in Darren Star’s Sex and the City\r'

'Entertain workforcet has presbyopic been unmatched of the most accessible forms of communication beca habit it appeals to the signified of pleasure than whatsoever a nonher(prenominal) lane in the information attend. Today, in most parts of the institution, merriment has conquered a host of media that may be appropriated by both(prenominal)(prenominal) producers and consumers, with each medium translating specific aloney to the interview it aims to reach. From print to broadcast, from involve to the internet, mass communication has provided slipway and means for audiences of both age to maintain the mixture of pastime they preferâ€thereby creating its niche in the prevailing fashionable grow in any country or community.\r\nAmong the forms mentioned, the stellar history of consume and the each(prenominal)ure of convenient glamour and lifestyle associated with it create catapulted it to the top of the most influential of all media. Considering most people dr aw access to cinema, it is correct to evolve that this medium has had its sh atomic number 18 of voice in achieving mixer change, advocacy, politics, and em forcement. And, apart from be instrumental in relaying intelligence operation and other traditional informative content, cinema and its achievement in entertainment has also be diminish a veritable avenue to communicate these integral prints with optics, acting, and choice of format.\r\nOne of the most celebrated productions in recent time is the iconic Sex and the city demand, released in 2008 and based on the cult television show of the like title. By showcasing the formerly hateful concepts of singlehood among females over thirty, professional success, and the unabashed references to wind upuality and independence, its cause Darren Starr had stumbled upon a void clearly anticipated by women in these slipsâ€and launched a culture that debunked most traditionalist ideologies and heralded brisk mindsets of f eminism and empowerment.\r\nII. Power and the maidenly Approach Feminist inquiry was schematic to â€Å" head theories that center women’s experiences and to articulate the relations among the categories of gender and other social categories, including race, ethnicity, class, and sexuality” (Littlejohn 2008, p. 49), and this claim is evident in the purposive acknowledgment of SATC.\r\nIndividually, the characters of Carrie, Sa objet darttha, Miranda, and Charlotte bear their unique strengths and focus: writer Carrie is the intellectual and self-examining; Samantha’s focus is on her sexual nature; attorney Miranda conveys independence; and Charlotte is depicted as the arguably traditional of the multitude yet is never relegated to cosmos permanently at the mercy of her goal to divulge a husband. In other words, these women ar all portrayed to be whole and complete on their experience, and deem already made their decisions on their crabbed brands of femininity.\r\nOnce a muliebrity has defined her finger of self, it is easy to understand how power sess come logically. Most audiences of SATC find pleasure in the humourous musings of Carrie, the stern yet human concerns of Miranda, the extent to which Charlotte would go to get married, and the sexual adventures of Samantha. In the snap, though, each has had her own story finally played out, not of necessity in the ship canal they planned: Miranda is a mother, Samantha is in a committed relationship, and Charlotte is married and has adopted a child. Only Carrie appears to give way taken the much than pass judgment route of continuing her relationship with Mr. Big, a man who had long been the cause of many of her mishaps. But patch each of them has authoritativeized their traditional roles as females, their earth activities still remain indicative of their career successes. want in the TV show, the women of the SATC film still postulate in their females- provided co nversations and gatherings, during which they discuss men, relationships, and sexuality. According to Littlejohn (2008, p. 244), â€Å"women’s groups much are less(prenominal) implicated outcomes and traditional group tasksâ€less interested in doing and more interested in macrocosm”, which therefore justifies the nature of their bond.\r\nAmong friends, the quartet women can provided be and not be concerned with what should be; among their colleagues, they are more goal-driven and objective. The conversations the SATC females make water within their group are, in mankind, material that audiences can live by, and are intimately always philosophic or pragmatic enough to communicate new thinking. When Miranda discovered that Steve had a sexual affair with other woman, she immediately reported the incident to her girlfriendsâ€who, in turn, explicit approval at Miranda’s decision to fall in Steve.\r\nWhen Carrie announced that she and Mr. Big were g etting married, the group in truth came up with devil prospectsâ€validation from Charlotte, and ambivalence from Samantha. These twain examples at once look rational ways to address these greens life circumstances, without resorting to the stereotypical reaction of women approving of marriage or staying in one despite significant problems. Apart from that, their nonchalant path in discussing sexuality signals an unconventional pattern not very much shown among women in films and other media, scarce occurs in women’s discussions in real life.\r\nThe vulnerability exhibited by at least(prenominal) two of the iv characters spell engaging with men is more about cosmos human than succumbing to societal pressure; it has more to do with their personalities than a non-negotiable objective to feel adequate with men in their lives. Again, this goes back to the development of each character in the film, being completely defined and judge for women their age. Of course, it would be harder to prove had they been in their twenties, still trenchant for themselves in young York, like Carrie’s subordinate Louise.\r\nModern femininity is definitely confirmed in the events, reactions, and portrayals of the SATC girls: strong and individual, yet completely aware of their identities and priorities. Compared to young women, the four characters are each shown carrying the same grit of self one her own, or with her friends. Therefore, the ply of power in the film is attached to the evolved characters of Carrie, Samantha, Miranda, and Charlotteâ€they know who they are, including their strengths and weaknesses, and are capable of appropriating such when it comes to men, or any other concern. III.\r\nRepresenting the Thirty-Something Female With the exception of Samantha, who celebrated her fiftieth birthday in the SATC film, the main characters are in their late thirties. In fact, Carrie had probably just false forty as this was one of the high lights in the filmâ€the suitability of a 40-year-old woman to be photographed in a wedding dress. However, this may be less of an issue compared to the question of the accurate hold still foration of women in this age range. Israel (2002) stated the still-existing stereotype of single women, that they are â€Å"social outcasts… odd women who require constant interlingual rendition” (p. 46). If this is the present concept of the public regarding single women, then the issue is not in the misrepresentation alone in society’s unchanged opinion of female expectations. While the show’s motive had indeed chosen to center on the lives of peeled York women, possibly to highlight the urban culture and wealth of material related to the subject area, the demographic shown is not farthermost from the truth. It may not be correct to pack that all thirties females live the kind of lives seen in SATC, but he combined factors of side, career opportunities, an d culture all figure in the equation.\r\nMuch of the TV show and the movie itself is focused on the revolutionary York life†appearance, music, night lifeâ€and the defining characteristics of the location that has made it legendary. Opportunities for career and wealth are often associated with gumption and chutzpah, which are part of the psyche of a typical modern Yorker. This is most evident in Miranda’s and Samantha’s stories, whose careers as a lawyer and a public relations expert, respectively, are born(p) out of their being in New York.\r\n steady Carrie and her sex column’s credibility cast off more to do with being in New York, the bastion of all things forward and modern, than by merely being a smart single woman with enough authority about sex. The aberration, more than being the appropriate representation of single women, is Charlotte; her perceived value and preference for tradition appear to be more suited to a less foundingly area than M anhattan. Like in the TV series, consumerism and brands form a significant function in the film; Carrie’s display of wedding dresses identified by condition shows the amount of importance given to labels.\r\nBut the New York premise once again provides the perfect excuse, being the center of fashion and home to most sumptuousness brands. Had Carrie been in a small and not-so-cosmopolitan area would have made this appear pretentious and unreal, but the established facts of New York, her career as a time columnist, and her affinity for fashion take up the association with ornamentalist labels quite expected and normal. Without the penchant for brands and the access afforded by being in New York, the SATC women’s representations of the thirty-something female are not far from accurate.\r\nAt this age, most women have, or are in the process of establishing their careers, or are obsessing over finding a husband and starting a familyâ€as seen, respectively, in Miranda and Charlotte. Yet they had not neglected the other aspects of themselves that would make them achieve their life goals, such as motherhood, responsibility, and association; these are clearly established in the film, but due to the necessity to adhere to a glutinous storyline, these have been placed conveniently as stage setting material.\r\nStill, some traditionalists may dismiss the film as a celebration of consumerism, anti-feminism, and overt sexualityâ€concepts that vary each other when taken as a wholeâ€but it is only because SATC managed to introduce a new breed of independent females who recognize some(prenominal) their strengths and limitations. The characters are complete and wholly developed, creating personalities so real and defined that the more conservative viewer may find them at once curious and controversial.\r\nThe female audience comprising the age range portrayed by the SATC women will always find the film liberating, for two possible thinks: becaus e they can identify with the trials and tribulations of the four characters; or because they can only hope to reach the direct of identity and liberation available to these New York women. Of course, the common pleasure derived by women in either situation may be found within the more superficial elements of meeting men per se and fashionâ€it is still entertainment, after all.\r\nBut the deeper issues of get along, relationship, marriage, friendship, career, life, loss, sadness, joy, and other concepts present in the film are universal constructs that go women, and men as well. However, if one were to stop at the shallow enjoyment of the aesthetic elements provided by the filmâ€such as designer fashions, swanky homes, and gorgeous menâ€then the experience would not be maximized, and would most likely box in the film in the category of triviality and shallowness.\r\nAlso, manipulation would only be the case if the film depicts a military man far from real, with unbelieva ble characters, and an obvious objective to shop its audience to a life impossible to reach. Carrie and her friends represent every single woman, perhaps not in all aspects, but in the mindset and priorities; the issue of singleness at thirty being the distinguish qualifier in the equation. Naturally, their concerns would not be same to those of a younger or married woman, who would have different realities altogether.\r\nAn example would be the wildly popular TV show Gossip Girl (2007), which is doubtlessly limited to the lives of the affluent youth and uses a dubitable method of communicating reality through visual pleasure and aspiration. IV. The Politics of Gender Roles in SATC The topics chosen for discussion in the regular lunch, coffee, and shopping dates of the four characters vary at all times, with gender-related issues taking a significant portion.\r\nThe nature of entertainment provides an effective avenue for these concerns, specially with a smartly-written script a nd a good sense of responsibility to communicate the issues properly. In the movie, the women discuss sex in the presence of Charlotte’s daughter Lily, and they use the word â€Å"color” to substitute for â€Å"sex”â€producing a witty exchange that came off as both enjoyable and informative yet socially acceptable. Marriage, in Carrie’s case, was construed on the outset as a matter of convenience, in order to share an apartment with Mr.\r\nBig, but was really a serious issue that had her debating on her reasons for getting marriedâ€whether it was out of love or mere practicality. But despite all the carefully-crafted dialogue, the scenes referring to life-changing issues such as Miranda’s separation from Steve and Charlotte’s discovering she is pregnant were treated with utmost subtlety and thought, and would not be out of place in any other traditional school text discussing the very same points.\r\nWhat may be left out to some ext ent is the politics among the characters themselves; since female competition is a powerful theme in most women’s lives (Barash 2006), it is questionable how the four women have almost no semblance of rivalry or contest, at least in the film. This phenomenon is largely common among groups of women, in particular, and SATC had shown almost nothing about competition even if it could have been appropriated in several points in the story.\r\nThe only allusion to it would be Miranda’s declaration that marriage is not the rightly choice to make, yet without any reference to her look up to of Carrie and Mr. Big. V. Conclusion The entertainment culture introduced by the pioneering SATC text redefined the landscape of feminism, empowerment, and the resulting popular culture that has been embraced by audiences the world over. Through the use of female characters who were instruments to convey individuality and power, the celebration of women as symbols of strength is done with much success.\r\nThe fact that they discuss issues once considered taboo for media portrayal is already a feat in the world of feminism and empowerment, albeit relatively against the norms of tradition or the sanction style of standard feminists. But the goal of entertainment in SATC does not stop with entertainment itselfâ€the reality of the thirty-something single woman is enough reason to make it a pronounced voice in educating society about the capabilities of females beyond the label of matrimonial status.\r\n'