Alice Hamilton (1869-1970)

Alice Hamilton was born in 1869 in Fort Wayne, India to Montgomery Hamilton and Gertrude Hamilton, star of the founding familes of the colony. She was the 1 of four daughters and a son and was spot railed and completed her early education at Miss Porters enlighten in Farmington, Connecticut.

After attending a girls boarding school that gave little attention to science, she spent a summer organism tutored in chemistry and physics before entering the University of stops medical checkup School. In 1893, she received her ?doctor of medicine? form from the University, and then finished internships at the Minneapolis hospital for Women and Children, and the New England Hospital for Women and Children.

Hamilton traveled to Europe to study bacteriology and pathology at universities from 1895 to 1897, however, women were not as welcome as men were in German Universities, so she was rejected in Berlin, but fouund opportunity in Frankfurt, Germany. When she returned to the U.S., she keep her postgraduate studies at the Johns Hopkins University Medical School. In 1897, she moved to Chicago, where she became a professor of pathology at the Womans Medical School of Northwestern University.

in brief after moving to Chicago, Hamilton became a member and resident of take away House, the settlement house founded by social reformer Jane Addams. upkeep side by side with the poor residents of the community, she became very fire in the problems that the workers faced, especially occupational injuries and illnesses. The study of industrial medicine (the illnesses caused by received jobs) had become important since the Industrial Revolution of the late nineteenth century had led to new dangers in the workplace. In 1907, Hamilton began exploring existent literature and noticed that industrial medicine was not organism studied much in America, and she set out to diversify this. She devoted her medicinal studies to finding the causes for the high rate of typhoid fever fever and tuberculosis in the neighboring community. In the tuberculosis study she recognized bad working conditions as one of the factors that weakened the resistance of poor immigrants to the disease.

Because of her health experience, in 1908 Hamilton was constitute by the governor of Illinois to the newly formed Occupational Diseases agency of Illinois, the first kind of ?investigative body? in the unify States. For next decade she studied a wide chain of issues for a variety of state and federal health committees.

In 1919, Hamilton was hired as assistant professor in a new Department of Industrial Medicine at Harvard Medical School, making her the first woman appointed to the faculty there. A New York Tribune article celebrated her appointment with the headline: A Woman on Harvard Faculty?The Last Citadel Has move?The Sex Has Come Into Its Own, but Hamilton was sleek over discriminated against as a woman and was excluded from social activities and the all-male graduation processions.

The plan was for her to be in residence six months of each year; the rest of the quantify was to be spent on her surveys. Because of this unusual arrangement, when she retired in 1935, she was tranquillize only an assistant professor.

Over the years, Hamilton played an important percentage in preventing poisonous effects of aniline dyes, carbon monoxide, mercury, tetraethyl lead, radium (in wristwatch dials among other uses), benzene, the chemicals in storage batteries, and carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide gases created in the manufacture of viscose rayon. She died in 1970.

She is still recognized today. In 2002, she was made an ACS National Historical chemical substance Landmark in recognition of her role in the increment of occupational medicine.

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